import { Circle, Target, Hash, Layers, Ruler, ArrowRight, BookOpen, } from "lucide-react"; import LessonShell, { ConceptCard, FormulaBox, ExampleCard, TipCard, PracticeFromDataset, } from "../../../components/lessons/LessonShell"; import { Frac } from "../../../components/Math"; import CircleTheoremsWidget from "../../../components/lessons/CircleTheoremsWidget"; import TangentPropertiesWidget from "../../../components/lessons/TangentPropertiesWidget"; import PowerOfPointWidget from "../../../components/lessons/PowerOfPointWidget"; import { CIRCLES_EASY, CIRCLES_MEDIUM } from "../../../data/math/circles"; interface LessonProps { onFinish?: () => void; } const SECTIONS = [ { title: "Equation of a Circle", icon: Circle }, { title: "Completing the Square", icon: Hash }, { title: "Central & Inscribed Angles", icon: Target }, { title: "Arc Length & Sector Area", icon: Layers }, { title: "Tangent Lines", icon: ArrowRight }, { title: "Chord Properties", icon: Ruler }, { title: "Practice & Quiz", icon: BookOpen }, ]; export default function CirclesLesson({ onFinish }: LessonProps) { return ( {/* Section 1: Equation */}

Equation of a Circle

The standard form of a circle with center (h, k) and radius r:

(x − h)² + (y − k)² = r²

Center (3, −2), radius 5

(x − 3)² + (y + 2)² = 25

(x + 1)² + (y − 4)² = 16

Center: (−1, 4), radius = √16 ={" "} 4

(x − h) means h is positive. So (x + 1)² means h = −1. Watch the signs!

{/* Section 2: Completing the Square */}

Completing the Square for Circles

Convert from general form (x² + y² + Dx + Ey + F = 0) to standard form by completing the square for both x and y.

1. Group x terms together, y terms together

2. Complete the square for each group

3. Add the same values to both sides

4. Write in standard form

x² + y² − 6x + 4y − 12 = 0

(x² − 6x + 9) + (y² + 4y + 4) = 12 + 9 + 4

(x − 3)² + (y + 2)² = 25

Center (3, −2), radius = 5

{/* Section 3: Central & Inscribed */}

Central & Inscribed Angles

A central angle has its vertex at the center — it equals its intercepted arc. An inscribed angle has its vertex on the circle — it equals half its intercepted arc.

Inscribed Angle = × Intercepted Arc

Key Theorem

An inscribed angle that intercepts a semicircle (diameter) is always 90°.

Central angle = 80° → intercepted arc = 80°

Inscribed angle on same arc ={" "} 40°

{/* Section 4: Arc & Sector */}

Arc Length & Sector Area

Use the fraction of the circle (central angle ÷ 360°) to find arc length and sector area.

Arc Length = (θ ÷ 360) × 2πr Sector Area = (θ ÷ 360) × πr²

In Radians

Arc = rθ   |   Sector = r²θ

r = 10, θ = 72°

Arc = (72 ÷ 360) × 20π = × 20π = 4π

Sector = (72 ÷ 360) × 100π ={" "} 20π

{/* Section 5: Tangent Lines */}

Tangent Lines

A tangent line touches the circle at exactly one point and is perpendicular to the radius at that point.

• Tangent ⊥ radius at point of tangency

• Two tangent segments from the same external point are{" "} equal in length

External point P, tangent to circle with center O, radius = 5, OP = 13

Tangent² + 5² = 13² (right triangle!)

Tangent² = 169 − 25 = 144

Tangent length = 12

{/* Section 6: Chords */}

Chord Properties

A chord has both endpoints on the circle. The diameter is the longest chord.

• A radius perpendicular to a chord bisects the chord

• Equal chords are equidistant from the center

Chord of length 24 in a circle of radius 13

Perpendicular from center bisects chord: half-chord = 12

d² + 12² = 13² → d² = 25 →{" "} d = 5

{/* Section 7: Practice & Quiz */}

Practice & Quiz

{CIRCLES_EASY.slice(0, 2).map((q) => ( ))} {CIRCLES_MEDIUM.slice(0, 1).map((q) => ( ))}
); }