import React, { useRef, useState, useEffect } from "react"; import { ArrowDown, Check, BookOpen, AlertTriangle, Zap } from "lucide-react"; import DataClaimWidget, { type DataExercise, } from "../../../components/lessons/DataClaimWidget"; import { PracticeFromDataset } from "../../../components/lessons/LessonShell"; import { COMMAND_EVIDENCE_EASY, COMMAND_EVIDENCE_MEDIUM, } from "../../../data/rw/command-of-evidence"; interface LessonProps { onFinish?: () => void; } const DATA_EXERCISES: DataExercise[] = [ { title: "Bar — School Activities", chart: { type: "bar", title: "Student Participation in Extracurricular Activities (% of students)", yLabel: "% of students", xLabel: "Grade Level", unit: "%", source: "School District Survey, 2023", series: [ { name: "Sports", data: [ { label: "Gr 9", value: 45 }, { label: "Gr 10", value: 42 }, { label: "Gr 11", value: 38 }, { label: "Gr 12", value: 30 }, ], }, { name: "Arts & Music", data: [ { label: "Gr 9", value: 28 }, { label: "Gr 10", value: 30 }, { label: "Gr 11", value: 32 }, { label: "Gr 12", value: 35 }, ], }, { name: "Academic Clubs", data: [ { label: "Gr 9", value: 18 }, { label: "Gr 10", value: 22 }, { label: "Gr 11", value: 26 }, { label: "Gr 12", value: 31 }, ], }, ], }, claims: [ { text: "Sports participation declines as students advance from Grade 9 to Grade 12.", verdict: "supported", explanation: "The chart shows sports falling from 45% (Grade 9) to 30% (Grade 12) — a consistent decrease at every grade level. This is directly supported.", }, { text: "Students drop sports because they find academic clubs more interesting.", verdict: "neither", explanation: "The chart shows participation trends but gives no information about WHY students make these choices. Reasons (interest, time, pressure) cannot be inferred from percentages alone.", }, { text: "Sports is the most popular activity among students in every grade level shown.", verdict: "contradicted", explanation: "Sports leads in Grades 9–11, but in Grade 12 Arts & Music (35%) exceeds Sports (30%). Since Sports is NOT the top activity in Grade 12, this claim is directly contradicted by the data.", }, ], }, { title: "Line — Temperature", chart: { type: "line", title: "Average Global Temperature Anomaly (°C above 1951–1980 baseline)", yLabel: "Anomaly (°C)", xLabel: "Year", unit: "°C", source: "NASA GISS Surface Temperature Analysis", series: [ { name: "Temperature Anomaly", data: [ { label: "1980", value: 0.26 }, { label: "1990", value: 0.44 }, { label: "2000", value: 0.42 }, { label: "2005", value: 0.67 }, { label: "2010", value: 0.72 }, { label: "2015", value: 0.87 }, { label: "2020", value: 1.02 }, ], }, ], }, claims: [ { text: "The temperature anomaly in 2020 was higher than in any previous year shown in the graph.", verdict: "supported", explanation: "+1.02°C in 2020 is the highest data point — every prior year is lower. This is directly supported by the graph.", }, { text: "The temperature anomaly decreased between 1990 and 2000.", verdict: "supported", explanation: "The graph shows +0.44°C in 1990 and +0.42°C in 2000 — a slight downward dip. This is directly supported, though the change is small.", }, { text: "Human industrial activity is the primary cause of the temperature increases shown.", verdict: "neither", explanation: "The graph records temperature trends but provides no data on causes. Attributing increases to human activity requires additional scientific evidence not present in this graph.", }, ], }, { title: "Bar — Media Use", chart: { type: "bar", title: "Average Daily Media Consumption by Age Group (hours per day)", yLabel: "Hours per day", xLabel: "Media Type", unit: " hr", source: "National Media Survey, 2024", series: [ { name: "Ages 13–17", data: [ { label: "Social Media", value: 4.8 }, { label: "Streaming", value: 3.2 }, { label: "Video Games", value: 2.5 }, { label: "Reading", value: 0.7 }, ], }, { name: "Ages 18–24", data: [ { label: "Social Media", value: 3.6 }, { label: "Streaming", value: 3.9 }, { label: "Video Games", value: 1.8 }, { label: "Reading", value: 1.1 }, ], }, ], }, claims: [ { text: "Teenagers (ages 13–17) spend more time on social media than on any other media type shown.", verdict: "supported", explanation: "Social Media (4.8 hr) is the highest value for ages 13–17, exceeding Streaming (3.2 hr), Video Games (2.5 hr), and Reading (0.7 hr). Directly supported.", }, { text: "Adults ages 18–24 spend more time on streaming video than teenagers do.", verdict: "supported", explanation: "Ages 18–24: Streaming = 3.9 hr. Ages 13–17: Streaming = 3.2 hr. 3.9 > 3.2, so this claim is directly supported.", }, { text: "Teenagers read less because social media is more entertaining to them.", verdict: "neither", explanation: "The chart shows that teens spend little time reading (0.7 hr), but provides no data about why. Entertainment preferences require separate survey data not shown here.", }, ], }, { title: "Line — Renewable Energy", chart: { type: "line", title: "Renewable Energy Share of U.S. Electricity Generation (%)", yLabel: "% of generation", xLabel: "Year", unit: "%", source: "U.S. Energy Information Administration", series: [ { name: "Solar", data: [ { label: "2010", value: 0.1 }, { label: "2013", value: 0.4 }, { label: "2016", value: 1.3 }, { label: "2019", value: 2.7 }, { label: "2022", value: 5.5 }, ], }, { name: "Wind", data: [ { label: "2010", value: 2.3 }, { label: "2013", value: 4.1 }, { label: "2016", value: 5.6 }, { label: "2019", value: 7.3 }, { label: "2022", value: 10.2 }, ], }, ], }, claims: [ { text: "Wind energy generated a larger share of electricity than solar energy in every year shown.", verdict: "supported", explanation: "In all five years (2010–2022), Wind exceeds Solar: e.g., 2010 (2.3% vs. 0.1%) and 2022 (10.2% vs. 5.5%). This trend is directly visible throughout the graph.", }, { text: "Solar energy's share grew by more percentage points than wind energy's share between 2010 and 2022.", verdict: "contradicted", explanation: "Solar: 0.1% → 5.5% = +5.4 points. Wind: 2.3% → 10.2% = +7.9 points. Wind grew by more absolute percentage points, so the claim that Solar grew more is directly contradicted.", }, { text: "Renewable energy will replace all fossil fuels within the next 20 years.", verdict: "neither", explanation: "The graph shows growth trends for two renewables through 2022 but provides no data about total energy mix, future rates, or fossil fuel usage. Future predictions require additional data not shown here.", }, ], }, ]; const EBRWGraphicDisplaysLesson: React.FC = ({ onFinish }) => { const [activeSection, setActiveSection] = useState(0); const sectionsRef = useRef<(HTMLElement | null)[]>([]); useEffect(() => { const observers: IntersectionObserver[] = []; sectionsRef.current.forEach((el, idx) => { if (!el) return; const obs = new IntersectionObserver( ([entry]) => { if (entry.isIntersecting) setActiveSection(idx); }, { threshold: 0.3 }, ); obs.observe(el); observers.push(obs); }); return () => observers.forEach((o) => o.disconnect()); }, []); const scrollToSection = (i: number) => { setActiveSection(i); sectionsRef.current[i]?.scrollIntoView({ behavior: "smooth" }); }; const SectionMarker = ({ index, title, icon: Icon, }: { index: number; title: string; icon: React.ElementType; }) => { const isActive = activeSection === index; const isPast = activeSection > index; return ( ); }; return (
{/* SECTION 0: Reading Graphics */}
{ sectionsRef.current[0] = el; }} className="min-h-screen flex flex-col justify-center mb-24 pt-20 lg:pt-0" >
Graphic Displays

Reading Graphics

Every SAT graphic question tests the same skill: does the data directly prove the claim? Master these four rules before anything else.

{/* Rule Grid */}
1

Read the Title First

The title tells you what variable is being measured, the time frame, and the units. Read it before looking at data points.

2

Identify Axes and Units

X-axis (horizontal) = independent variable (often time or category). Y-axis (vertical) = measured value. Always check units (%, count, dollars, etc.).

3

Look for Trends, Not Just Values

SAT questions often ask about overall trends (increasing/decreasing) or comparisons between categories, not single data points.

4

The Claim Must Match the Data Exactly

A claim is 'supported' only if the data directly proves it. 'Contradicted' if the data proves the opposite. 'Neither' if the data is irrelevant or insufficient.

{/* Static Annotation Visual */}

How to Evaluate a Claim Against a Graph

Graph Context

Graph title: "Annual Carbon Emissions by Sector (2000–2020)"

Supported Claim

"Transportation emissions increased between 2000 and 2020" — if the line goes up, this is directly proven.

Neither-Proven Claim

"Electric vehicles caused the transportation increase" — the graph shows the trend, not the cause. Causation requires additional data.

{/* Trap Callout */}

Common Trap

The biggest graphic display trap: a claim that is{" "} PLAUSIBLE and consistent with real-world knowledge but is{" "} NOT proven by this specific graph . The graph must be sufficient to prove or disprove the claim on its own.

{/* Golden Rule */}

Golden Rule

Only use what's on the graphic. Outside knowledge, reasonable assumptions, and probable causes are all off-limits. The data either proves it, disproves it, or doesn't address it.

{/* SECTION 1: Data Claim Lab */}
{ sectionsRef.current[1] = el; }} className="min-h-screen flex flex-col justify-center mb-24" >
Interactive Practice

Data Claim Lab

Read each dataset, then judge whether each claim is supported, contradicted, or neither proven by the data.

{/* SECTION 2: Practice Quiz */}
{ sectionsRef.current[2] = el; }} className="min-h-screen flex flex-col justify-center mb-24" >

Practice Quiz

{COMMAND_EVIDENCE_EASY.slice(2, 4).map((q) => ( ))} {COMMAND_EVIDENCE_MEDIUM.slice(1, 2).map((q) => ( ))}
); }; export default EBRWGraphicDisplaysLesson;