import React, { useRef, useState, useEffect } from "react"; import { ArrowDown, Check, BookOpen, AlertTriangle, Zap } from "lucide-react"; import EvidenceHunterWidget, { type EvidenceExercise, } from "../../../components/lessons/EvidenceHunterWidget"; import { PracticeFromDataset } from "../../../components/lessons/LessonShell"; import { CENTRAL_IDEAS_EASY, CENTRAL_IDEAS_MEDIUM, } from "../../../data/rw/central-ideas-details"; interface LessonProps { onFinish?: () => void; } const EVIDENCE_EXERCISES: EvidenceExercise[] = [ { question: "Which sentence states the central claim of this passage?", passage: [ "Urban heat islands are a well-documented phenomenon in modern cities.", "Researchers have found that cities are, on average, 1–3°C warmer than surrounding rural areas.", "The primary driver of this warming is the replacement of natural surfaces with concrete, asphalt, and buildings, which absorb and retain heat.", "However, urban tree canopies and green roofs have been shown to significantly reduce surface temperatures.", "With targeted investment in urban greening programs, cities can meaningfully counteract the heat island effect and improve quality of life for residents.", ], evidenceIndex: 4, explanation: "Sentence 5 is the central claim — it states the author's full position: that urban greening can counteract the heat island effect. Sentences 1–3 are context and causes; sentence 4 is a supporting detail. The main idea must capture the author's complete argument, not just the topic or a single detail.", }, { question: "What is the main idea of this passage about memory research?", passage: [ "For decades, scientists believed that long-term memories were fixed once formed.", "New research challenges this view, showing that memories are reconstructed each time they are recalled.", "During recall, memories become temporarily unstable — a process called reconsolidation.", "One study found that introducing false information during reconsolidation could alter participants' memories.", "These findings suggest that human memory is not a static record but a dynamic, reconstructable process — with significant implications for eyewitness testimony in courts.", ], evidenceIndex: 1, explanation: "Sentence 2 states the main idea: memory research has overturned the old view, showing memories are reconstructed rather than fixed. Sentence 5 expands the implication, but sentence 2 states the core claim. On the SAT, the main idea often appears early in the passage as the thesis — watch for sentences that challenge conventional wisdom.", }, { question: "Which sentence best captures what the entire passage argues?", passage: [ "Microplastics have been detected in virtually every environment on Earth, from mountain peaks to deep ocean trenches.", "Scientists discovered microplastics in Antarctic ice as early as 2014.", "Recent studies have found microplastic particles in human blood, lung tissue, and breast milk.", "While the health effects remain under investigation, preliminary evidence links microplastic exposure to inflammation and hormonal disruption.", "Given their pervasive presence and potential health consequences, microplastics demand urgent regulatory attention and research investment.", ], evidenceIndex: 4, explanation: "Sentence 5 is the main idea — it synthesizes the evidence (pervasive presence + health concerns) into a policy argument (urgent action needed). Sentences 1–4 all provide supporting evidence for this central claim. The main idea in argumentative passages typically appears as the author's call to action or judgment.", }, ]; const EBRWMainIdeaLesson: React.FC = ({ onFinish }) => { const [activeSection, setActiveSection] = useState(0); const sectionsRef = useRef<(HTMLElement | null)[]>([]); useEffect(() => { const observers: IntersectionObserver[] = []; sectionsRef.current.forEach((el, idx) => { if (!el) return; const obs = new IntersectionObserver( ([entry]) => { if (entry.isIntersecting) setActiveSection(idx); }, { threshold: 0.3 }, ); obs.observe(el); observers.push(obs); }); return () => observers.forEach((o) => o.disconnect()); }, []); const scrollToSection = (i: number) => { setActiveSection(i); sectionsRef.current[i]?.scrollIntoView({ behavior: "smooth" }); }; const SectionMarker = ({ index, title, icon: Icon, }: { index: number; title: string; icon: React.ElementType; }) => { const isActive = activeSection === index; const isPast = activeSection > index; return ( ); }; return (
{/* ── SECTION 0: Concept & Annotation ── */}
{ sectionsRef.current[0] = el; }} className="min-h-screen flex flex-col justify-center mb-24 pt-20 lg:pt-0" >
Information & Ideas

Main Idea

The main idea is what the author is arguing about the topic — not just the topic itself. One sentence that covers everything.

{/* Rule Grid */}
{/* Rule 1 */}

Rule 1 — Topic vs. Main Idea

Topic = what the passage is about (1–2 words). Main Idea{" "} = what the author says about the topic (full claim).

{/* Rule 2 */}

Rule 2 — One-Sentence Test

The main idea fits in one sentence that covers the{" "} WHOLE passage — not just one paragraph.

{/* Rule 3 */}

Rule 3 — Scope Check

Too narrow = describes only one detail. Too broad = overgeneralizes beyond what the text says.

{/* Rule 4 */}

Rule 4 — Author's Stance

For persuasive texts, the main idea includes the author's{" "} position, not just the topic.

{/* Annotated Passage Visual */}

Identifying Parts of a Passage

{/* Box 1: Topic */}

Topic

Climate change and coral reefs

1–2 words — the subject, not the argument.

{/* Box 2: Main Idea */}

Main Idea

Coral reefs face existential threats from climate change, but targeted conservation efforts can slow their decline.

The author's full claim — covers the entire passage.

{/* Box 3: Detail */}

Supporting Detail

"In the Great Barrier Reef, coral cover has declined by 50% since 1985."

← supporting evidence, NOT the main idea

{/* SAT Trap Callout */}

SAT Trap to Watch For

The SAT will offer a choice that is{" "} TRUE but too narrow — it describes only one paragraph's detail, not the whole passage's claim. Always ask: does this cover the{" "} ENTIRE passage?

{/* Golden Rule */}

Golden Rule

The main idea is the one sentence the author would give if you asked:{" "} "What's the point of this entire piece?"

{/* ── SECTION 1: Evidence Hunter ── */}
{ sectionsRef.current[1] = el; }} className="min-h-screen flex flex-col justify-center mb-24" >

Evidence Hunter

Read each passage and tap the sentence that best states the central claim. Think before you click.

{/* ── SECTION 2: Practice Quiz ── */}
{ sectionsRef.current[2] = el; }} className="min-h-screen flex flex-col justify-center mb-24" >

Practice Quiz

{CENTRAL_IDEAS_EASY.slice(0, 2).map((q) => ( ))} {CENTRAL_IDEAS_MEDIUM.slice(0, 1).map((q) => ( ))}
); }; export default EBRWMainIdeaLesson;