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edbridge-scholars/src/pages/student/lessons/EBRWDashesApostrophesLesson.tsx

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16 KiB
TypeScript

import React, { useRef, useState, useEffect } from "react";
import { ArrowDown, Check, BookOpen, AlertTriangle, Zap } from "lucide-react";
import { PracticeFromDataset } from "../../../components/lessons/LessonShell";
import {
BOUNDARIES_EASY,
BOUNDARIES_MEDIUM,
} from "../../../data/rw/boundaries";
import ClauseBreakdownWidget, {
type ClauseExample,
} from "../../../components/lessons/ClauseBreakdownWidget";
import DecisionTreeWidget, {
type TreeScenario,
type TreeNode,
} from "../../../components/lessons/DecisionTreeWidget";
interface LessonProps {
onFinish?: () => void;
}
// ── Clause Breakdown data ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
const CLAUSE_EXAMPLES: ClauseExample[] = [
{
title: "Em Dash — Nonessential Phrase",
segments: [
{ text: "The results", type: "subject", label: "Subject" },
{ text: " —", type: "punct" },
{
text: " gathered over three years",
type: "modifier",
label: "Nonessential Info (must be paired)",
},
{ text: " —", type: "punct" },
{ text: " confirmed the hypothesis", type: "verb", label: "Predicate" },
{ text: ".", type: "punct" },
],
},
{
title: "Possession: team's",
segments: [
{ text: "The", type: "ic", label: "" },
{ text: " team's", type: "subject", label: "Add 's for possession" },
{ text: " report", type: "ic", label: "" },
{ text: " was submitted on time", type: "verb", label: "Predicate" },
{ text: ".", type: "punct" },
],
},
{
title: "Contraction: they're / it's",
segments: [
{
text: "They're",
type: "conjunction",
label: "Contraction: they + are",
},
{ text: " reviewing", type: "verb", label: "" },
{ text: " the data", type: "ic", label: "" },
{ text: " because", type: "dc", label: "" },
{ text: " it's", type: "conjunction", label: "Contraction: it + is" },
{ text: " inconclusive", type: "ic", label: "" },
{ text: ".", type: "punct" },
],
},
];
// ── Decision Tree data ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const DASH_SUBTREE: TreeNode = {
id: "dash",
question: "Is there already an em dash somewhere else in the sentence?",
hint: "Em dashes must come in PAIRS when setting off a nonessential phrase in the middle of a sentence.",
yesLabel: "Yes — there's a dash elsewhere in the sentence",
noLabel: "No — this is the only dash",
yes: {
id: "dash-pair",
result:
"✓ Match the punctuation. If an em dash opens a nonessential phrase, another em dash must close it.",
resultType: "correct",
ruleRef: "[IC] — [nonessential phrase] — [rest of IC]",
},
no: {
id: "dash-single",
question:
"Is the dash at the END of the sentence introducing an explanation or list?",
yesLabel: "Yes — introducing what follows",
noLabel: "No — it's in the middle of a sentence",
yes: {
id: "dash-end",
result:
"✓ A single em dash at the end correctly introduces an explanation, list, or dramatic pause.",
resultType: "correct",
ruleRef: "[Complete sentence] — [explanation or list]",
},
no: {
id: "dash-mid",
result:
"⚠ A single em dash in the middle of a sentence is incorrect — it must be paired with another em dash, or converted to commas.",
resultType: "warning",
ruleRef: "Fix: use matching dashes or commas",
},
},
};
const APOSTROPHE_SUBTREE: TreeNode = {
id: "apostrophe",
question: "Can you substitute 'it is' or 'they are' in place of the word?",
hint: "Try substituting: 'its / it is' — if 'it is' fits, use 'it\u2019s'. If not, use 'its' (possessive).",
yesLabel: "Yes — contraction fits (it is / they are)",
noLabel: "No — it's showing ownership",
yes: {
id: "contraction",
result:
"✓ Use the contraction form: it's (it is), they're (they are), who's (who is).",
resultType: "correct",
ruleRef: "Contraction: it's = it + is | they're = they + are",
},
no: {
id: "possession",
question: "Does the noun END in -s already (plural)?",
yesLabel: "Yes — plural noun ending in -s",
noLabel: "No — singular noun",
yes: {
id: "plural-poss",
result:
"✓ Add only an apostrophe after the -s: students' (not students's).",
resultType: "correct",
ruleRef: "Plural possession: [noun]s' [thing]",
},
no: {
id: "singular-poss",
result: "✓ Add 's to the singular noun: scientist's, team's.",
resultType: "correct",
ruleRef: "Singular possession: [noun]'s [thing]",
},
},
};
const DASH_APOSTROPHE_TREE: TreeNode = {
id: "root",
question: "Is this an apostrophe or dash/punctuation question?",
yesLabel: "Apostrophe (') question",
noLabel: "Em dash (—) or other punctuation",
yes: APOSTROPHE_SUBTREE,
no: DASH_SUBTREE,
};
const TREE_SCENARIOS: TreeScenario[] = [
{
label: "Sentence 1",
sentence:
"The researchers findings, which had been collected over a decade, were finally published.",
tree: DASH_APOSTROPHE_TREE,
},
{
label: "Sentence 2",
sentence: "Each student submitted there essay before the deadline.",
tree: DASH_APOSTROPHE_TREE,
},
{
label: "Sentence 3",
sentence:
"The committee — composed of three senior researchers agreed to delay the vote.",
tree: DASH_APOSTROPHE_TREE,
},
];
// ── Lesson component ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
const EBRWDashesApostrophesLesson: React.FC<LessonProps> = ({ onFinish }) => {
const [activeSection, setActiveSection] = useState(0);
const sectionsRef = useRef<(HTMLElement | null)[]>([]);
useEffect(() => {
const observers: IntersectionObserver[] = [];
sectionsRef.current.forEach((el, idx) => {
if (!el) return;
const obs = new IntersectionObserver(
([entry]) => {
if (entry.isIntersecting) setActiveSection(idx);
},
{ threshold: 0.3 },
);
obs.observe(el);
observers.push(obs);
});
return () => observers.forEach((o) => o.disconnect());
}, []);
const scrollToSection = (index: number) => {
setActiveSection(index);
sectionsRef.current[index]?.scrollIntoView({ behavior: "smooth" });
};
const SectionMarker = ({
index,
title,
icon: Icon,
}: {
index: number;
title: string;
icon: React.ElementType;
}) => {
const isActive = activeSection === index;
const isPast = activeSection > index;
return (
<button
onClick={() => scrollToSection(index)}
className={`flex items-center gap-3 p-3 w-full rounded-lg text-left transition-all ${isActive ? "bg-purple-50" : "hover:bg-slate-50"}`}
>
<div
className={`w-8 h-8 rounded-full flex items-center justify-center shrink-0
${isActive ? "bg-purple-600 text-white" : isPast ? "bg-purple-400 text-white" : "bg-slate-200 text-slate-500"}`}
>
{isPast ? (
<Check className="w-4 h-4" />
) : (
<Icon className="w-4 h-4" />
)}
</div>
<p
className={`text-sm font-bold ${isActive ? "text-purple-900" : "text-slate-600"}`}
>
{title}
</p>
</button>
);
};
return (
<div className="flex flex-col lg:flex-row min-h-screen">
<aside className="w-full lg:w-64 lg:fixed lg:top-14 lg:bottom-0 lg:overflow-y-auto p-4 border-r border-slate-200 bg-slate-50 lg:bg-transparent z-0 hidden lg:block">
<nav className="space-y-2 pt-6">
<SectionMarker
index={0}
title="Punctuation Anatomy"
icon={BookOpen}
/>
<SectionMarker
index={1}
title="Decision Tree Lab"
icon={AlertTriangle}
/>
<SectionMarker index={2} title="Practice Questions" icon={Zap} />
</nav>
</aside>
<div className="flex-1 lg:ml-64 p-6 md:p-12 max-w-4xl mx-auto">
{/* Section 0 — Concept + Clause Breakdown */}
<section
ref={(el) => {
sectionsRef.current[0] = el;
}}
className="min-h-screen flex flex-col justify-center mb-24 pt-20 lg:pt-0"
>
<div className="inline-flex items-center gap-2 bg-purple-100 text-purple-700 px-3 py-1 rounded-full text-xs font-bold uppercase tracking-wider mb-4 w-fit">
Standard English Conventions
</div>
<h2 className="text-4xl font-extrabold text-slate-900 mb-2">
Dashes, Apostrophes &amp; More
</h2>
<p className="text-lg text-slate-500 mb-8">
See how punctuation structures meaning then master every SAT trap.
</p>
{/* Rule summary grid */}
<div className="grid grid-cols-1 sm:grid-cols-2 gap-4 mb-8">
{[
{
num: 1,
rule: "Em Dash Pairs",
desc: "Use two em dashes to set off nonessential info in the middle of a sentence — one to open, one to close.",
},
{
num: 2,
rule: "Apostrophe: Possession",
desc: "Add 's to singular nouns; add ' only to plurals ending in -s (students').",
},
{
num: 3,
rule: "It's vs. Its",
desc: "it's = it is (contraction). its = possessive. Test by substituting 'it is.'",
},
{
num: 4,
rule: "Confused Words",
desc: "their (possessive), there (place), they're (contraction). who's (who is), whose (possessive).",
},
].map((r) => (
<div
key={r.num}
className="bg-purple-50 border border-purple-200 rounded-xl p-4"
>
<div className="flex items-center gap-2 mb-1">
<span className="w-6 h-6 rounded-full bg-purple-600 text-white flex items-center justify-center text-xs font-bold shrink-0">
{r.num}
</span>
<span className="font-bold text-purple-900 text-sm">
{r.rule}
</span>
</div>
<p className="text-xs text-slate-600 ml-8">{r.desc}</p>
</div>
))}
</div>
{/* Common Traps */}
<div className="space-y-3 mb-8">
{[
{
label: "Its vs. It's",
desc: "'its' is possessive (like 'his/her'). 'it's' = it is. Test: substitute 'it is' — if it works, use it's.",
},
{
label: "Unpaired Em Dash",
desc: "Em dashes around a nonessential phrase MUST be paired. One dash in the middle of a sentence is always wrong.",
},
{
label: "Their / There / They're",
desc: "'their' = possessive, 'there' = place or existence, 'they're' = they are. The SAT uses all three as traps.",
},
].map((t) => (
<div
key={t.label}
className="flex gap-3 bg-red-50 border border-red-200 rounded-xl px-4 py-3"
>
<AlertTriangle className="w-4 h-4 text-red-500 shrink-0 mt-0.5" />
<div>
<p className="text-sm font-bold text-red-800">{t.label}</p>
<p className="text-xs text-slate-600 mt-0.5">{t.desc}</p>
</div>
</div>
))}
</div>
{/* Clause Breakdown */}
<h3 className="text-xl font-bold text-slate-800 mb-3">
Sentence Anatomy
</h3>
<p className="text-sm text-slate-500 mb-4">
Hover over any colored span to see its label. Use the tabs to switch
between examples.
</p>
<ClauseBreakdownWidget
examples={CLAUSE_EXAMPLES}
accentColor="purple"
/>
<div className="mt-6 bg-purple-900 text-white rounded-2xl p-5">
<p className="font-bold mb-1">Golden Rule</p>
<p className="text-sm text-purple-100">
On the SAT, every apostrophe is either a contraction or possession
never both. Test contractions by substitution. Test possessives
by checking what owns what.
</p>
</div>
<button
onClick={() => scrollToSection(1)}
className="mt-12 group flex items-center text-purple-600 font-bold hover:text-purple-800 transition-colors"
>
Next: Decision Tree Lab{" "}
<ArrowDown className="ml-2 w-5 h-5 group-hover:translate-y-1 transition-transform" />
</button>
</section>
{/* Section 1 — Decision Tree */}
<section
ref={(el) => {
sectionsRef.current[1] = el;
}}
className="min-h-screen flex flex-col justify-center mb-24"
>
<h2 className="text-4xl font-extrabold text-slate-900 mb-2">
Decision Tree Lab
</h2>
<p className="text-lg text-slate-500 mb-8">
Work through the grammar logic one question at a time. Click your
answer at each step.
</p>
{/* Trap callouts */}
<div className="space-y-3 mb-8">
{[
{
label: "Mismatched Dash & Comma",
desc: "Opening with a dash and closing with a comma (or vice versa) is always wrong. Em dashes must pair with em dashes.",
},
{
label: "it's / its Confusion",
desc: "Test: can you replace it with 'it is'? If yes → it's. If no → its. This is the #1 apostrophe trap on the SAT.",
},
{
label: "Confused Homophones",
desc: "their/there/they're and whose/who's are the most common wrong-word traps. Always ask: possession, place, or contraction?",
},
].map((t) => (
<div
key={t.label}
className="flex gap-3 bg-red-50 border border-red-200 rounded-xl px-4 py-3"
>
<AlertTriangle className="w-4 h-4 text-red-500 shrink-0 mt-0.5" />
<div>
<p className="text-sm font-bold text-red-800">{t.label}</p>
<p className="text-xs text-slate-600 mt-0.5">{t.desc}</p>
</div>
</div>
))}
</div>
<DecisionTreeWidget scenarios={TREE_SCENARIOS} accentColor="purple" />
<button
onClick={() => scrollToSection(2)}
className="mt-12 group flex items-center text-purple-600 font-bold hover:text-purple-800 transition-colors"
>
Next: Practice Questions{" "}
<ArrowDown className="ml-2 w-5 h-5 group-hover:translate-y-1 transition-transform" />
</button>
</section>
{/* Section 2 — Quiz */}
<section
ref={(el) => {
sectionsRef.current[2] = el;
}}
className="min-h-screen flex flex-col justify-center mb-24"
>
<h2 className="text-4xl font-extrabold text-slate-900 mb-6">
Practice Questions
</h2>
{BOUNDARIES_EASY.slice(4, 6).map((q) => (
<PracticeFromDataset key={q.id} question={q} color="purple" />
))}
{BOUNDARIES_MEDIUM.slice(2, 3).map((q) => (
<PracticeFromDataset key={q.id} question={q} color="purple" />
))}
<div className="mt-8 text-center">
<button
onClick={onFinish}
className="px-6 py-3 bg-purple-900 text-white font-bold rounded-full hover:bg-purple-700 transition-colors"
>
Finish Lesson
</button>
</div>
</section>
</div>
</div>
);
};
export default EBRWDashesApostrophesLesson;